No date: If there is no year of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.) for no date. Note: The last reviewed date cannot be used as a publication date.
Web page title: The Web page title is in italics and sentence case, i.e. capitalise the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon. Capitalise proper nouns.
Note: For reports, articles, electronic books, or chapters accessed online, see the relevant section for how to cite them. They are not referenced as a web page.
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
Author. (Year of publication). Title of web page. Website Name. https://xxx
Maltin, L. (2015). When Disney got trippy. BBC. http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20151112-when-disney-got-adult-and-trippy
Murad, A. L. (2019, April 19). 15 simple diet tweaks that could cut your Alzheimer's risk. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/in-depth/15-simple-diet-tweaks-cut-alzheimers-risk/art-20342112
Sowden, M. (2017, August 30).
Building consents issued: July 2017: Key facts.
Stats NZ. http://m.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/industry_sectors/Construction/
BuildingConsentsIssued_HOTPJul17.aspx
Note: Include the website name (e.g. CNN.) before the web address (URL)
Note: Group could be an organisation, association, government department, study group, etc.
Author. (Year of publication). Title of web page. https://xxx
Ministry of Health. (2009). Additional support at work. https://www.health.govt.nz/help-and-advice/work-and-career/getting-support-at-work
New Zealand Trade & Enterprise. (n.d.). Investment funding: Food and beverage. https://www.nzte.govt.nz/investment-and-funding/sectors-of-opportunity/food-and-beverage
Note: Include a retrieval date where the information will be updated regularly.
Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Improving achievement. Retrieved October 25, 2024, from https://www.education.govt.nz/our-work/overall-strategies-and-policies/improving-achievement/
No date: If there is no year of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.) for no date. Note: The last reviewed date cannot be used as a publication date.
Author. (n.d.). Title of web page. Website name. https://xxx
Author. (n.d.). Title of web page. https://xxx
Note: Add a date of retrieval for web pages that can be updated. For example, a dictionary entry, a Facebook page, or an UpToDate article.
Author. (n.d.). Title of web page. Retrieved Month, Day, Year, from https://xxx
Author. (n.d.). Title of web page. Website name. Retrieved Month, Day, Year, from https://xxx
Autism NZ. (n.d.). What is autism? https://autismnz.org.nz/
Thorton, S. P. (n.d.). Sigmund Freud. IEP. https://iep.utm/freud/
Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Improving achievement. Retrieved October 25, 2024, from https://www.education.govt.nz/our-work/overall-strategies-and-policies/improving-achievement/
Parenthetical citation: When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text, include the author’s name and publication date in brackets, generally at the end of the sentence, e.g. ... services closer to home (Bishop, 2024).
Narrative citation: If you use the author’s name as part of a sentence, include the date of publication in brackets, generally at the beginning of the sentence, e.g. Bishop (2024) argued that time was ...
Walt Disney’s creativity was a hallmark of his animated films (Maltin, 2015). Maltin (2015) discusses one of Walt Disney’s most amazing films ...
Note: If you use a parenthetical citation the first time, followed by a narrative citation, you need to repeat the date.
Morrow (2017) talks about the effects, both physically and psychologically, after a major motorcycle accident. Morrow describes the ongoing impact this has had on her life.
Note: If you use a narrative citation the first time, followed by another narrative citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a parenthetical citation the next time, you must include the date.
Use the name of the group as it appears in your reference list. However, the group name can be abbreviated. The first time, cite the full name with the abbreviation. Subsequently, only use the abbreviation. If the reader could be confused by the abbreviation use the full group name each time.
… overseas investment in the food and beverage sector (New Zealand Trade & Enterprise [NZTE], n.d.). NZTE (n.d.) reports on the research and innovation happening in the food and beverage industry.
Note: If you use a parenthetical citation the first time, followed by a narrative citation, you need to repeat the date.
Ministry of Health (MoH, 2009) maintain that informing your colleagues about your care role can lead to a more supportive work environment. Sharing your family issues with your co-workers can make for a better work-life balance (MoH, 2009).
Note: If you use a narrative citation the first time, followed by another narrative citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a parenthetical citation the next time, you must include the date.
If there is no date provided, use n.d. (for 'no date') where you'd normally put the date.
… mastering these skills allows students to excel across various subjects in the school curriculum (Ministry of Education, n.d.).
Note: If you use a parenthetical citation the first time, followed by a narrative citation, you need to repeat the date.
Ministry of Education (n.d.) reported that they are better equipped to embark on rewarding careers and face life's challenges with confidence.
Note: If you use a narrative citation the first time, followed by another narrative citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a parenthetical citation the next time, you must include the date.
Where the publication date is not known, use n.d. for no date.
Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Improving achievement. https://www.education.govt.nz/our-work/overall-strategies-and-policies/improving-achievement/