Unpublished works are works that are in progress, completed but not yet submitted for publication, or have been submitted for publication but not yet accepted for publication.
Date: This should be the year that the work was completed or the year the draft was written.
Description: After the title in square brackets add either [Unpublished manuscript], [Manuscript in preparation] or [Manuscript submitted for publication].
Source: If known, add the university or university department.
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
An unpublished manuscript is only in the author's possession.
Author(s). (Year). Title of work [Description]. Department Name, University Name.
Nielsen, L. M. (2024). The challenges of teaching undergraduate students [Unpublished manuscript]. Te Tumu Herenga | Libraries & Learning Services, University of Auckland | Waipapa Taumata Rau.
A manuscript in preparation is only in the author's possession.
Author(s). (Year). Title of work [Description]. Department Name, University Name.
Tibbles, M. (2024). The many roles of an Academic Engagement Adivser [Manuscript in preparation]. Te Tumu Herenga | Libraries & Learning Services, University of Auckland | Waipapa Taumata Rau.
Do not include the name of the journal you have submitted to.
Once the manuscript has been accepted, change the reference to cite it as a journal article in press .
Author(s). (Year). Title of work [Description]. Department Name, University Name.
Hobson, J. M., & Nielsen, L. M. (2024). Teaching students the art of searching effectively in the medical databases [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Te Tumu Herenga | Libraries & Learning Services, University of Auckland | Waipapa Taumata Rau.
Parenthetical citation: When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text, include the author’s name and publication date in brackets, generally at the end of the sentence, e.g. ... services closer to home (Bishop, 2024).
Narrative citation: If you use the author’s name as part of a sentence, include the date of publication in brackets, generally at the beginning of the sentence, e.g. Bishop (2024) argued that time was ...
... showing picturesque New Zealand (Jayne, 2023).
Note: If you use a parenthetical citation the first time, followed by a narrative citation, you need to repeat the date.
The NZ Transport Agency (2023) promotes one of New Zealand's parrots for Bird of the Century.
Note: If you use a narrative citation the first time, followed by another narrative citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a parenthetical citation the next time, you must include the date.