No date: If there is no year of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.) for no date.
Statistics/data title: The statistics/data title is in italics and sentence case, i.e. capitalise the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon. Capitalise proper nouns.
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
Author. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxx
Author. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher. https://xxx
Author. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher.
Kacorri, H. (2019) TEgO: Teachable Egocentric Objects Dataset (Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/E109967V1
Pallant, J. (2011). Survey.sav [SPSS file, survey on psychological adjustment and wellbeing]. Retrieved from http://spss.allenandunwin.com.s3-website-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/data-files.html
Place a comma preceding an ‘&’ before the last author's name.
Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen, & Twenty. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxx
Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen, & Twenty. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher. https://xxx
Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen, & Twenty. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher.
Anderson, E., Prasad, M., & Nickow, A. (2019). Comparative Taxation Dataset on 40 Countries and Areas, 1870-2001 (Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR37365.v1
Fan, V., Ren, Z., VS, F., & Boudier, U. (2017). Turkey's energy future: A leap simulation and analysis [Data set]. OpenEI. https://openei.org/datasets/dataset/turkey-energy-future
Passos, J., Sakagami, Y., Santos, P., Haas, R., & Taves, F. (2017). Coastal operating wind farms: two datasets with concurrent SCADA, LiDAR and turbulent fluxes [Data set]. Zenodo Dataset.
List the first nineteen authors' names, insert an ellipsis (three full stops), then add the last author.
Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen, ... Last. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxx
Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen, ... Last. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher. https://xxx
Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen, ... Last. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher.
Note : Group could be an organisation, association, government department, study group, etc. If the group is also the publisher, omit the publisher’s name from the reference.
Author. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxx
Author. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher. https://xxx
Author. (Publication date). Title of data set (Version no) [Data set]. Publisher.
International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. (2018) International civic and citizenship education study, 2009 (Version V2) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36997.v2
Ministry of Health. (2018). Mortality 2015 data tables [Data set]. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/mortality-2015-data-tables
Pew Hispanic Center. (2004). Changing channels and crisscrossing cultures: A survey of Latinos on the news media [Data set].
Author. (Date). Title of data set [Unpublished raw data]. Source of Unpublished Data.
Oregon Youth Authority. (2013). Recidivism outcomes [Unpublished raw data].
Wild, C. J., & Seber, G. A. F. (1999). [Chance Encounters: data analysis] [Unpublished raw data]. University of Auckland.
Parenthetical citation: When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text, include the author’s name and publication date in brackets, generally at the end of the sentence, e.g. ... services closer to home (Bishop, 2024).
Narrative citation: If you use the author’s name as part of a sentence, include the date of publication in brackets, generally at the beginning of the sentence, e.g. Bishop (2024) argued that time was ...
... in a recent study (Pallant, 2011). Another finding, according to Pallant (2011), was that ...
Note: If you use a parenthetical citation the first time, followed by a narrative citation, you need to repeat the date.
In a recent study, Pallant (2011) showed that ... Another finding, according to Pallant, was that ...
Note: If you use a narrative citation the first time, followed by another narrative citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a parenthetical citation the next time, you must include the date.
Use ‘&’ between the authors' surnames when they are enclosed within brackets. Use ‘and’ when they form part of the sentence.
... in a recent study (Wilde & Seber, 2014). Another finding, according to Wilde and Seber (2014), was that ...
Note: If you use a parenthetical citation the first time, followed by a narrative citation, you need to repeat the date.
In a recent study, Wilde and Seber (2014) showed that ... Another finding, according to Wilde and Seber, was that ...
Note: If you use a narrative citation the first time, followed by another narrative citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a parenthetical citation the next time, you must include the date.
Cite only the surname of the first author followed by ‘et al.’
... in a climate study (Bhavara et al., 2004). Another finding, according to Bhavara et al. (2004), was that ...
Note: If you use a parenthetical citation the first time, followed by a narrative citation, you need to repeat the date.
In a climate study, Bhavara et al. (2004) showed that ... Another finding, according to Bhavara et al., was that ...
Note: If you use a narrative citation the first time, followed by another narrative citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a parenthetical citation the next time, you must include the date.
Use the name of the group as it appears in your reference list. However, the group name can be abbreviated. The first time cite the full name with the abbreviation. Subsequently, only use the abbreviation. If the reader could be confused by the abbreviation use the full group name each time.
... in a recent study (Statistics New Zealand, 2007). Another finding, according to Statistics New Zealand (2007), was that ...
Note: If you use a parenthetical citation the first time, followed by a narrative citation, you need to repeat the date.
In a recent study, Statistics New Zealand (2007) showed that ... Another finding, according to Statistics New Zealand, was that ...
Note: If you use a narrative citation the first time, followed by another narrative citation, you can omit the date. But, if you use a parenthetical citation the next time, you must include the date.