Add a superscript number in your text to show when you are using another person's ideas or words.
... as described by Cowan, this has only recently been identified.1
The footnote contains information about the source you are citing, include the page number(s) of the page/paragraph within the item you are referring to. When citing the same source again, use the shorter footnote formats.
Footnote numbering: Footnotes are placed in numerical order at the bottom of the page. On a new page, footnote numbering continues. In a new chapter, footnote numbering starts from 1.
Web page title: The "Web page Title" is in normal font and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word), with quotation marks around it.
Site title/organisation: The Site Title/Organisation is in normal font and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word).
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
Include any introductory articles in the article title, e.g. ‘A’, ‘The’, or ‘An’.
Footnote number. Author First Name Last Name, "Title of Specific Web page," Title of Website, Month Day, Year of publication, URL.
1. Jeff Turrentine, "What is Climate Change?," NRDC, September 1, 2021, https://www.nrdc.org/stories/what-climate-change#whatis.
2. Nancy Johnson, "Mozart and Me," More About Mozart, last modified March 5, 2018, http://www.more-about-mozart.com/mozart&me.
3. Kate Bush, “A Passion for the All Blacks,” Saints Alive, accessed June 2, 1990, http://www.passion-all-blacks-bush.saints.alive.com.
Use authors' last names only. If the article title is longer than four words, shorten it.
Footnote number. Author One Last Name, "Title of Specific Webpage."
Examples
1. Turrentine, "What is Climate Change?"
2. Johnson, "Mozart and Me."
3. Bush, “Passion for the All Blacks.”
Include any introductory articles in the article title, e.g. ‘A’, ‘The’, or ‘An’.
Footnote number. Organisation Name, "Title of Specific Webpage," Title of Website, Month Day, Year of publication, URL.
1. Department of Conservation, "Gold Clams," Nature, October 24, 2023, https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/pests-and-threats/freshwater-pests/gold-clams/.
2. Ministry of Health, "Measles," Your Health, last modified August 14, 2023, https://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and-treatments/diseases-and-illnesses/measles.
3. Green, “Take Action to Protect our Oceans,” accessed November 7, 2023, https://www.greens.org.nz/take_action_to_protect_our_oceans.
Use Organisation Name. If the article title is longer than four words, shorten it.
Footnote number. Organisation Name, "Title of Specific Webpage."
Examples
1. Department of Conservation. "Gold Clams."
2. Ministry of Health, "Measles."
3. Green, “Protect our Oceans.”
When footnote references to the same source follow each other, with no other references in between, use the shorter footnote form:
1. Archer, "Crisis and Change," 37.
2. Archer, 40.
3. Archer, 40.
4. Wall, Truth and Meaning, 324.
5. Archer, "Crisis and Change," 43.
Note: Chicago 17th edition discourages the use of 'ibid.' in favour of this shorter format.
Web page title: The "Web page Title" is in normal font and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word), with quotation marks around it.
Site title/organisation: The Site Title/Organisation is in normal font and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word).
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Specific Webpage." Title of Website. Month Day, Year of publication. URL.
Turrentine, Jeff. "What is Climate Change?" NRDC. September 1, 2021. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/what-climate-change#whatis.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Specific Webpage." Title of Website. Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.
Johnson, Nancy. "Mozart and Me." More About Mozart. Last modified March 5, 2018. http://www.more-about-mozart.com/mozart&me.
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Specific Webpage." Title of Website. Accessed Month Day, Year of publication. URL.
Bush, Kate. “A Passion for the All Blacks.” Saints Alive. Accessed June 2, 1990. http://www.passion-all-blacks-bush.saints.alive.com.
Include any introductory articles in the organisation name, e.g., ‘A’, ‘The’, or ‘An’. Ignore articles when alphabetically ordering the bibliography.
Organisation Name. "Title of Specific Webpage." Title of Website. Month Day, Year of publication. URL.
Department of Conservation. "Gold Clams." Nature. October 24, 2023. https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/pests-and-threats/freshwater-pests/gold-clams/.
Organisation Name. "Title of Specific Webpage." Title of Website. Last modified Month day, year. URL.
Ministry of Health. "Measles." Your Health. Last modified August 14, 2023. https://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and-treatments/diseases-and-illnesses/measles.
Organisation Name. "Title of Specific Webpage." Title of Website. Accessed Month Day, Year of publication. URL.
Green. “Take Action to Protect our Oceans.” Accessed November 7, 2023. https://www.greens.org.nz/take_action_to_protect_our_oceans.