Add a superscript number in your text to show when you are using another person's ideas or words.
... as described by Cowan, this has only recently been identified.1
The footnote contains information about the source you are citing, include the page number(s) of the page/paragraph within the item you are referring to. When citing the same source again, use the shorter footnote formats.
Footnote numbering: Footnotes are placed in numerical order at the bottom of the page. On a new page, footnote numbering continues. In a new chapter, footnote numbering starts from 1.
Title of lecture: The "Title of lecture" is in normal font and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word), with quotation marks around it.
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
If you are citing the lecturer's original material, use the format for a verbal address for lectures or speeches. Avoid duplicate information, e.g. omit the location if it is part of the venue name. Describe the presentation if there is no title. If the information is available online, include a URL.
Footnote number. Presenter's First Name Last Name, "Title of lecture" (Venue/Location, Date) URL.
1. Martina Simmons, "Urban Matters" (lecture, University of Auckland, New Zealand, January 12, 2010).
Use presenter's last names only. If the title is longer than four words, shorten it.
Footnote number. Presenter's Last Name, "Title of presentation."
Examples
1. Simmons, "Urban Matters."
This section deals with unpublished lecture or course notes. If the lecture notes appear in published proceedings, treat them as a chapter in a book. If the lecture notes appear in a journal, treat them as an article.
Footnote number. Presenter's First Name Last Name, "Title of lecture" (Venue/Location, Date) URL.
1. Martina Simmons, "Urban Matters" (notes for lecture, University of Auckland, New Zealand, January 12, 2010).
Use presenter's last name only. If the title is longer than four words, shorten it.
Footnote number. Presenter's Last Name, "Title of presentation."
Examples
1. Simmons, "Urban Matters."
When footnote references to the same source follow each other, with no other references in between, use the shorter footnote form:
1. Archer, "Crisis and Change," 37.
2. Archer, 40.
3. Archer, 40.
4. Wall, Truth and Meaning, 324.
5. Archer, "Crisis and Change," 43.
Note: Chicago 17th edition discourages the use of 'ibid.' in favour of this shorter format.
Lecture/speech title: The "Lecture/speech Title" is in normal font and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word), with quotation marks around it.
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
Presenter's Last name, First name. "Title of lecture." Format presented at Title of meeting, Venue/Location, Date, URL.
Simmons, Martina. "Urban Matters." Lecture presented at URBPLAN 639: Urban and Design Theory, University of Auckland, New Zealand, January 12, 2010.
Presenter's Last name, First name. "Title of lecture." Format presented at Title of meeting, Venue/Location, Date, URL.
Simmons, Martina. "Urban Matters." Notes for lecture presented at URBPLAN 639: Urban and Design Theory, University of Auckland, New Zealand, January 12, 2010.