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MLA 9th

MLA (Modern Language Association) 9th edition is an author-page number referencing style requiring an in-text citation within the text of your document and a related entry in a works cited at the end of your document.

Film or video - works cited

Title of work: The Title of work is in italics and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word).

Title of chapter: The title of chapter is in quotation marks and in title case.

For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.

Format

Title of work. Director, Publisher, Publication date.

Title of work. Director, Publisher, Publication date. Name of app.

Examples

Better Man. Directed by Michael Gracey, Sina Studios, 2024.

Grey Lady. Directed by John Shea, Beacon Pictures, 2017. Netflix app.

Format

"Title of chapter." Title of work, Director, Publisher, Publication date.

Example

"Director's Commentary." Ender's Game, directed by Gavin Hood, Summit Entertainment, 2013.

Film or video - in-text citations

Parenthetical citation: When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text, include the author’s name and page number/s in brackets, generally at the end of the sentence, e.g. ... education is a key factor (Wall 25).

Citation in prose: When you use the author’s name as part of a sentence (generally at the beginning of a sentence), include the page number in brackets at the end of the sentence, e.g. Thomas Jones discussed the appropriateness of using wet towelling ... (2).

No pagination: Add the author's name as part of the sentence to show it has been paraphrased.

Time stamp: A time stamp can be used in the place of the page number. Separate the hours, minutes and seconds with colons (e.g. Jones 00:07:03).

Parenthetical citation

... while dancing in the streets (Better Man 00:01:04).

Citation in prose

... as shown in the film Better Man, with the song "Rock DJ" (00:01:04).

Parenthetical citation

... artistic direction as discussed ("Director's Commentary" 00:07:10).

Citation in prose

In the "Director's Commentary" of Ender's Game, Gavin Hood talks about the making of the film, including special effects, selection of actors, and the overall artistic direction (00:07:10).