Title entry: For a dictionary/encyclopaedia entry, when there is no author, place the title of the entry in the author's place in quotation marks and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word).
Additional Information: After the Title entry, add if the information is for a noun or verb, etc., in italics after the title in abbreviated form, e.g. "Excess, N.". Also, if the information is for a particular example add the number as well, e.g. "Digital, Adj. (1)".
Reference title: The reference work title is in italics and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word).
Editon: Include edition details for a numbered edition, e.g. 2nd ed. Place the edition details after the book title, but not in italics. Use Rev. ed. for revised editions.
Publisher: Publisher's names - list in full as they appear on the title or copyright pages, e.g. Harper Collins Publishers.
An exception to this is:
Omit legal names like Company (Co.), Incorporation (Inc.), Corporation (Corp.) and Limited (Ltd).
When the university is the publisher, e.g. University of Auckland, use U of Auckland. When it is a university press, e.g. Cambridge University Press, use UP, e.g. Cambridge UP.
Page numbers: For only one page, use p. 23. For a range of pages, use pp. 35-40. Do not repeat numbering e.g. pp. 125-128, would be pp. 125-8.
DOI: For electronic books, include the DOI number (digital object identifier) if available. The format for a DOI is: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057356030207
If there is no DOI, use the web address (URL). A permalink or stable URL is preferred.
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
Author. "Title of entry." Title of reference work, edited by Editor, edition, Publisher, year of publication, pp. page number/s. Name of database, https://doi.org/xxx
Author. "Title of entry." Title of reference work, edited by Editor, edition, Publisher, year of publication, pp. page number/s. Name of database, URL.
"Title of entry." Title of reference work, edited by Editor, edition, Publisher, year of publication, pp. page number/s. Name of database, URL.
Note: For works that are updated regularly online, include the day and month with the year of publication.
Author. "Title of entry." Title of reference work, edited by Editor, edition, Publisher, year of publication, pp. page number/s.
“Apparition, N., Sense (1.a).” Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, December 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1198684881.
“Bemused, Adj. (3).” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Accessed 4 Nov. 2024. merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bemused?src=search-dict-box.
"Bottleneck, N." Collins New Zealand School Dictionary, edited by Elizabeth Gordon, et al., HarperCollins Publishers, 2003, p. 96.
Buczny, Jacek. “Delay of Gratification.” The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, edited by Bernardo J. Carducci, and Christopher S. Nave, Wiley, 2020, pp. 153-7. Wiley Online Library, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118970843.ch27
“Crimea.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Oct. 2024, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea.
Cryer, Max. "Dunger." The Godzone Dictionary of Favourite New Zealand Words and Phrases, Exisle Publishing, 2006, p. 56.
Parenthetical citation: When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text, include the author’s name and page number/s in brackets, generally at the end of the sentence, e.g. ... education is a key factor (Wall 25).
Citation in prose: When you use the author’s name as part of a sentence (generally at the beginning of a sentence), include the page number in brackets at the end of the sentence, e.g. Thomas Jones discussed the appropriateness of using wet towelling ... (2).
Page numbers: When no page numbers or any other numbering is given, then no numbering is added to the citation. If there are section and/or paragraph numbers, then these can be added.
Dunger is defined as "an old piece of machinery, usually a car, which may be still effective and not even feeble, but is noisy" (Cryer 56).
Max Cryer defines "Dunger" as "an old piece of machinery, usually a car, which may be still effective and not even feeble, but is noisy" (56).
This is described as "a narrow section of road where traffic has to slow down or stop" ("Bottleneck" 96).
The dictionary defines "Bottleneck" as "a narrow section of road where traffic has to slow down or stop" (96).
Use title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word) and quotation marks around the article title.
"Bottleneck, N." Collins New Zealand School Dictionary, edited by Elizabeth Gordon, et al., HarperCollins Publishers, 2003, p. 96.