For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
Author. Personal communication with author Day Abbreviated Month Year.
Kapsenberg, Barbara. Personal communication with author. 1 Nov. 2024.
Author. E-mail/Text message to author. Date, Abbreviated Month, Year.
Birch, Jesper. E-mail to Radio New Zealand. 11 June 2024.
Parker, Ameila. Text message to the author. 31 Oct. 2024.
Taylor, Lorraine. E-mail to the author. 7 Nov. 2025.
Parenthetical citation: When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text, include the author’s name and page number/s in brackets, generally at the end of the sentence, e.g. ... education is a key factor (Wall 25).
Citation in prose: When you use the author’s name as part of a sentence (generally at the beginning of a sentence), include the page number in brackets at the end of the sentence, e.g. Thomas Jones discussed the appropriateness of using wet towelling ... (2).
Page numbers: When no page numbers or any other numbering is given, then no numbering is added to the citation. If there are section and/or paragraph numbers, then these can be added.
The email provided clear guidelines on alternative treatment options (Taylor).
In the email from Lorraine Taylor, clear guidelines were given regarding alternative treatment options.