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IEEE

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is a numbered referencing style requiring an in-text citation within the text of your document and a related entry in a reference list at the end of your document.

Patent - reference list

Patent title: The Patent title should be in sentence case (capital letter on the first word, and then lower case, unless it is a proper noun), e.g. Method for producing L-phosphinothricine by enzymatic transamination with aspartate.

Country name abbreviation: For the name of the country that granted the patent, use the two-letter country abbreviation, e.g. for Australia, use AU, New Zealand, use NZ.

For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.

Format

[1] Author, "Title of patent," Country Patent number, Abbrev. Month, day, year.

Examples

[1] W. V. Morrow, "Plotting and drafting machine," NZ Patent 36086, Apr. 12, 1915.

[2] Y. Lin, D. Lowell, and S. Hassan, "Fabrication of multi-level graded photonic super-crystals," U.S. Patent 10 964 916, Mar. 30, 2021.

Format (electronic)

[1] Name of the invention, by inventor's name. (year, month day). Patent Number [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

Examples

[1] Frameless glass fencing component, by A. Budai, G. Budai, N. R. Wilson. (2019, Mar. 15). NZ Patent 767951 [Online]. Available: https://app.iponz.govt.nz/app/Extra/IP/Mutual/Browse.aspx?sid=637782896002674314

[2] Deodorising deep sea fish oil, by Y. Wachi, M. Yanagi. (1983, Jun. 4). JP58094386-A [Online]. Available: Derwent Innovations Index: DIIDW:1983798582

Patent - in-text citations

When using another person's ideas or words, include an Arabic numeral in square brackets (consecutively numbered). 

Examples

... has been recently identified [1].

The same number is used if the reference is referred to again. If referring to a different page/part from that reference, include the relevant information with the reference number.

Sensible heat is when heat is transferred to a material by raising or lowering the temperature [1, Ch. 5].

OR

Sensible heat is the transfer of heat to a material by raising or lowering the temperature [1, pp. 340-345].

If you are expressing ideas that have originated from more than one source, separate the numbers with commas if referring to a range of numbers (references). 

... in alkyl sulphates such as sodium lauryl sulphate [3], [5], [6] and diethyl sulphate [7]. Other compounds showing promise were those in the C12 - C14 range [8], [9], [10].

Only use the author's name where it is integral to the understanding of the sentence; otherwise, just refer to the reference number.

Cook [11] reduced the calculated time ...

... as demonstrated by Cook [2].

If citing a reference in the text with three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al.

Woods et al. [12] demonstrated the need for speed restrictions ...

For direct quotes, use quotation marks and include the page number(s). 

The experts stated that "kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving system because of its velocity" [1, p. 139].