No author: For a dictionary/encyclopaedia entry when there is no author, place the title of the entry in the author position. Include the page number/s for the entry.
[1] Author(s) of reference entry, "Title of reference entry," in Title of Book, Edition ed., Editor(s), Ed(s)., City of publication, U.S. State Code only, Country: Abbrev. Publisher, Year of publication, ch. chapter number, sec. section number, pp. page range. Accessed: Abbrev. Month. Date, Year. [Online]. Available: URL
[2] Author(s) of reference entry, "Title of reference entry," in Title of Book, Edition ed., Editor(s), Ed(s)., City of publication, U.S. State Code only, Country: Abbrev. Publisher, Year of publication, ch. chapter number, sec. section number, pp. page range.
[1] "Adaptive digital pulse code modulation," in A Dictionary of the Internet, D. Ince, Ed., 4th ed. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 2009. Accessed: Oct. 23, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.oxfordreference.com/
[2] O. Singh, "Computer graphics," in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 10th ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw Hill, 2007, pp. 279-291.
When using another person's ideas or words, include an Arabic numeral in square brackets (consecutively numbered).
... has been recently identified [1].
The same number is used if the reference is referred to again. If referring to a different page/part from that reference, include the relevant information with the reference number.
Sensible heat is when heat is transferred to a material by raising or lowering the temperature [1, Ch. 5].
OR
Sensible heat is the transfer of heat to a material by raising or lowering the temperature [1, pp. 340-345].
If you are expressing ideas that have originated from more than one source, separate the numbers with commas if referring to a range of numbers (references).
... in alkyl sulphates such as sodium lauryl sulphate [3], [5], [6] and diethyl sulphate [7]. Other compounds showing promise were those in the C12 - C14 range [8], [9], [10].
Only use the author's name where it is integral to the understanding of the sentence; otherwise, just refer to the reference number.
Cook [11] reduced the calculated time ...
.. as demonstrated by Cook [2].
If citing a reference in the text with three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al.
Woods et al. [12] demonstrated the need for speed restrictions ...
For direct quotes, use quotation marks and include the page number(s).
The experts stated that "kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving system because of its velocity" [1, p. 139].