Conference paper title: The conference paper title should be in sentence case (capital letter on the first word, and then lower case unless it is a proper noun, e.g. QuakeKit: Communicating engineering risks to youth in the South Island of New Zealand.
Conference proceedings title: The conference proceedings title should be in title case (capital letter at the beginning of each major word), in italics and abbreviated, e.g. The Proceedings of the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference would become Proc. 1996 Robt. Automat. Conf.
Conference location: Include the location of the conference if it is provided. For the US, include the US state code after the city name, e.g. St Louis, MI, USA. Outside the US, use city and country, e.g. Auckland, New Zealand.
Year: If the year is given in the Conference title, it may be omitted from the end of the reference as shown in example [2].
Refer to the IEEE referencing guide for more guidance on citing conferences and conference proceedings.
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
[1] Author(s), "Title of paper," in Abbreviated Title of Conference Proceedings, City, State (US only), Country, Month Year, pp. page numbers, doi: https//doi.org/xxx.
[1] D. Chvedov and R. Jones, "Frictional behavior of rolled surfaces coated with polymer films," in Proc. 31st Int. Conf. Metall. Coatings Thin Films, Apr. 2004, pp. 544-549. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.013.
[1] E. U. Rehman and N.-K. Nair, "Geo-spatial modeling for high voltage underground cables to improve resilience," in 2019 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power Energy Eng. Conf. (APPEEC), Macao, China, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/APPEEC45492.2019.8994435.
[2] Author(s), "Title of paper," in Abbreviated Title of Conference Proceedings, City, State (US only), Country, Month Year. pp. pages. [Online]. Available: URL
[2] A. Balachandra, C. Hayden, L. Wotherspoon, and C. R. McGann, "Validating 1D numerical simulation of the free field using centrifuge tests" in 2019 Pacific Conf. Earthq. Eng. [Online]. Available: http://db.nzsee.org.nz/2019/Oral/4A.10%20Balachandra.pdf
[3] Author(s), "Title of paper," in Abbreviated Title of Conference Proceedings, City, State (US only), Country, Month Year, pp. page numbers.
[3] J. Patel, M. I. Jones, M. Hyland, and B. Dansal, "Surface modification to reduce dairy fouling," in Proc. Fouling Cleaning Food Process., 2010, pp. 143-147.
Note:
For an unpublished conference paper, the
name of the conference
should be abbreviated and in title case, but not in Italics, e.g. The International Conference on Engineering Education would become Int. Conf. Eng. Educ.
[1] Author(s), (Month day(s), year). "Title of paper." Presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conference, City, State (US only), Country. [Online]. Available: URL
[1] A. Marteddu. (Apr. 4-6, 2019). "The University of Auckland Clock Tower East wing: Turning a heritage building into a modern teaching space." Presented at 2019 Pacific Conf. Earthq. Eng., Auckland, New Zealand. [Online]. Available: http://db.nzsee.org.nz/2019/Oral/7C.06%20Marteddu.pdf
[2] Author(s), "Title of paper," presented at Abbreviated Name of Conference, City, State (US only), Country, Month Day(s), Year.
[2] A. Nicholson. "Intelligent transportation engineering: What is needed?," presented at the Eng. New Zealand Tech. Group. Queenstown, New Zealand, Mar. 21-23, 2018.
When using another person's ideas or words, include an Arabic numeral in square brackets (consecutively numbered).
... has been recently identified [1].
The same number is used if the reference is referred to again. If referring to a different page/part from that reference, include the relevant information with the reference number.
Sensible heat is when heat is transferred to a material by raising or lowering the temperature [1, Ch. 5].
OR
Sensible heat is the transfer of heat to a material by raising or lowering the temperature [1, pp. 340-345].
If you are expressing ideas that have originated from more than one source, separate the numbers with commas, or use a hyphen if referring to a range of numbers (references).
... in alkyl sulphates such as sodium lauryl sulphate [3], [5], [6] and diethyl sulphate [7]. Other compounds showing promise were those in the C12 - C14 range [8]-[10].
Only use the author's name where it is integral to the understanding of the sentence; otherwise, just refer to the reference number.
Cook [11] reduced the calculated time ...
.. as demonstrated by Cook [2].
If citing a reference in the text with three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al.
Woods et al. [12] demonstrated the need for speed restrictions ...
For direct quotes, use quotation marks and include the page number(s).
The experts stated that "kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving system because of its velocity" [1, p. 139].