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UoA Style

UoA (University of Auckland) is a footnote referencing style requiring an in-text citation, a related footnote within the text, plus a related entry in a bibliography at the end of your document.

Journal article - in-text citations & footnotes

In-text citations

Add a superscript number in your text to show when you are using another person's ideas or words. 

... as described by Cowan, this has only recently been identified.1

Footnote citations

The footnote contains information about the source you are citing, include the page number(s) of the page/paragraph within the item you are referring to. When citing the same source again, use the shorter footnote formats.

Footnote numbering: Footnotes are placed in numerical order at the bottom of the page. On a new page, footnote numbering continues. In a new chapter, footnote numbering starts from 1.

Full Footnote Format

Footnote Number. Author First Name(s) Last Name, 'Article Title', Journal Title, v.Volume Number, no.Issue Number, Date, pp.Page numbers.

Example

First reference

1. Clayborne Carson, 'Martin Luther King, Jr.: Charismatic Leadership in a Mass Struggle', Journal of American History. v.74, 1987, pp.448.

Referring to the immediately preceding reference

2. Ibid., 450.

Subsequent references

25. Carson, 452.

Full footnote format

Footnote Number. First Author First Name(s) Last Name and Second Author First Names(s) Last Name, 'Article Title', Journal Title, v.Volume Number, no.Issue Number, Date, pp.Page numbers.

Example

First Reference

1. Abigail Miles and John Weaver, 'Rural Crises and Adjustment in an Agrarian Country, New Zealand, 1975 to 1990', Agricultural History Review, v.66, no.2, 2018, pp.261.

Referring to the immediately preceding reference

2. Ibid., 270. 

Subsequent references 

21. Miles and Weaver, 275.

When there are three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al. (and others)

Full footnote format

Footnote Number. First Author First Name(s) Last Name et al., 'Article Title', Journal Title, v.Volume Number, no.Issue Number, Date, pp.Page numbers.

Example

First Reference

3. Virginia Dickie et al., 'Occupation as Transactional Experience: A Critique of Individualism in Occupational Science', Journal of Occupation Science, v.13, no.1, 2006, pp.83.

Referring to the immediately preceding reference

4. Ibid., 89. 

Subsequent references 

19. Dickie et al., 94. 

Journal article - reference list

Article title: The 'Article Title' is in normal font and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word), with single quotation marks around it. 

Journal title: The Journal Title is in italics and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word). 

For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing

Format

Author Last Name, First name(s). 'Article Title', Journal Title. v.Volume Number, no.Issue Number, Date, pp.Page numbers.

Example

Carson, Clayborne. 'Martin Luther King, Jr.: Charismatic Leadership in a Mass Struggle', Journal of American History. v.74, no.2, 1987, pp.448-454.

Format 

First Author Last Name, First name(s) and Second Author Last Name, First Name(s).  'Article Title', Journal Title. v.Volume Number, no.Issue Number, Date, pp.Pages.

Example

Miles, Abigail and Weaver, John. 'Rural Crises and Adjustment in an Agrarian Country, New Zealand, 1975 to 1990', Agricultural History Review, v.66, no.2, 2018, pp.261-288.

When there are three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al. (and others)

Format 

First Author Last Name, First name(s) et al.,  'Article Title', Journal Title. v.Volume Number, no.Issue Number, Date, pp.Pages.

Example

Dickie, Virginia et al., 'Occupation as Transactional Experience: A Critique of Individualism in Occupational Science', Journal of Occupation Science. v.13, no.1, 2006, pp.83-93.