Put a footnote number in superscript font size ten within the text (in-text citation) to show when you use another person's ideas or words. This number directs the reader to a footnote at the bottom of the page containing information about the work you are citing.
The first time a source is cited in your footnotes, refer to it in full in a similar format to your reference list entry.
1. Greg Ryan, History of Rugby and its Origins in New Zealand. Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2024, pp.42.
If you refer to the same reference again, immediately preceding it, use the footnote number, Ibid., and the page number.
2. Ibid., 56.
When referring to the same reference later in your document, use the footnote number, the author(s) and the page number.
15. Ryan, 80.
Recognising capitalism as detrimental to health prompts tangible efforts to create socialist initiatives grounded in resource redistribution, sharing, and collective ownership.1 Additionally, resources for promoting decolonised health and wellbeing visions challenge the individualistic and privatising logic of colonial capitalism.2
…
Indigenous people in Aotearoa, New Zealand, have historically and continue to experience structural marginalisation.7,8 The dominance and privilege of Pakeha are intrinsically connected to the marginalisation and disadvantage faced by Maori.9
1 Christine Elers et al., 'Disrupting, Intervening, and Re-imagining Health, Development, and Social Change: A Culture-Centered Approach', in Gavin Jack et al. (eds.), Managing the Post-Colony: Voices from Aotearoa, Australia and the Pacific. Singapore, Springer, 2024, pp. 193.
2 Ibid., 194.
…
7 Christine Elers et al., 196.
8 Phoebe Elers et al. 'Explorations of Health in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Low-income Suburbia'. Health Communication, v.36, no.12, 2021, pp.1460.
9 Avril Bell. Becoming Tangata Tiriti: Working with Maori, Honouring the Treaty. Auckland, Auckland University Press, 2024. pp.106.
A complete reference list should be included at the end of your assignment. This should include all works that have been cited. The reference list should be in alphabetical order by the first author's surname (last name).
References
Bell, Avril. Becoming Tangata Tiriti: Working with Maori, Honouring the Treaty. Auckland, Auckland University Press, 2024.
Dutta, Mohan J and Thaker, Jagadish. 'Sustainability, Ecology, and Agriculture in Women Farmers’ Voices: Culture-Centering Gender and Development', Communication Theory, v.30, no.2, 2020, pp.126–148.
Elers, Phoebe et al. 'Explorations of Health in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Low-income Suburbia'. Health Communication, v.36, no.12, 2021, pp.1453–1463.
Elers, Christine. et al. 'Disrupting, Intervening, and Re-imagining Health, Development, and Social Change: A Culture-Centered Approach', in Gavin Jack et al. (eds.), Managing the Post-Colony: Voices from Aotearoa, Australia and the Pacific. Singapore, Springer, 2024.
When using information or ideas in your essay, research paper, dissertation or thesis, you must acknowledge and identify the original source. This is known as referencing. Whether you paraphrase, summarise or quote someone else's ideas, you must add a reference.
Referencing enables you to: