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Harvard

Harvard is an author-date referencing style requiring an in-text citation within the text of your document and a related entry in a reference list at the end of your document.

Journal article - reference list

Journal title: The Journal Title is in italics, and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word). 

Article title: The article title is in sentence case, i.e. capitalise the first letter of the first word and the first word after a colon. Use capitalisation for proper nouns.

For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.

Format

Author. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume(issue): page number(s).

Example

Wharton, N. 1996. Health and safety in outdoor activity centres. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 12(4): 8-9.

Format

Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five & Six. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume(issue): page number(s).

Example 

Garnevska, E., Joseph, H. & Kingi, T. (2014). Development and challenges of cocoa cooperatives in Papua New Guinea: Case of Manus province. Asia Pacific Business Review, 20(3): 419-438.

List the first six authors' names, then add et al.

Format

Author One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, et al. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume(issue): page number(s).

Example

Anderson, J. M., Anderson, H. M., Archangelsky, S., Bamford, M., Chandra, S., Dettmann, M. et al. (1999). Patterns of Gondwana plant colonisation and diversification. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 28(1): 145-167.

Format

Surname, Initials. Date. Article Title. Journal Title, volume(issue number): page numbers. (Date accessed, from Database).

Example

Sopensky, E. 2002. Chocolate makes money, Business Journal. 3(1): 20-24. (accessed April 14, 2004, from ProQuest database).

Journal article - in-text citations

Parenthetical citation: When you use another person’s ideas or words in your text, include the author’s name, publication date and page number/s in brackets, generally at the end of the sentence,  e.g. ... services closer to home (Bishop, 2024: 23).

Narrative citation: If you use the author’s name as part of a sentence, include the date of publication and page number/s in brackets, generally at the beginning of the sentence, e.g. Bishop (2024: 43) argued that time was ...

Parenthetical citation

... the economic cost of motor vehicle accidents caused by sleepiness (Leger 1994: 91).

Narrative citation

Sleep deprivation, according to Leger (1994: 85), also leads to higher rates of work-related injuries.

When the title is part of the sentence, use italics and title case (capitalise the first letter of each major word).

Parenthetical citation

Companies are more successful with leaders whose skills fit the particular challenges of the job (When Hiring Execs 2017: 20).

Narrative citation

The article When Hiring Execs (2017: 20) suggests that you ascertain personality attributes, skills and appropriate experiences of executives as leaders before hiring.