This section covers the two ways of doing In-text referencing and a sample document, plus the Reference list components and a sample Reference list.
Format of the whole document
There are two ways of doing the in-text referencing:
Where you include the author/s and date (separated by a comma) in round brackets at the end of the sentence and before the full stop.
... shown in the experiment (Taylor, 1995: 21).
Where the author/s name is part of the sentence, and the date and page number is beside the author in round brackets.
Taylor (1995: 21) experimented with the power of ...
Cooper (2006: 23) maintained that there comes a time in the life of most individuals when the need for personal space or privacy becomes an important issue. Otto and Brown (2005: 36) concurred, referring to the Taog Niatnuom mountain dwellers in the highlands of New Guinea, who have developed a set of strategies for encouraging their offspring to develop individualism. Fortune (2015: 154) elaborated: "local haunts are earmarked for the particular and personal use of their kids". However, where some societies organise initiation ceremonies involving mutilation and dismemberment of bodily organs, the Taog Niatnuom progeny, upon reaching puberty, are allotted their own special places for the storage of treasures and the whispering of secrets (Mozart & Brown 1996: 111; O'Carroll & Brown 1992: 26). O'Carroll and Brown (1992: 30) concluded and it is these storage compounds that have revealed to archaeologists a minefield of long-forgotten follies, that have enabled the systematic and chronological development of the Taog Niatnuom to be scientifically analysed from infancy through adolescence to adulthood.
In contrast, Smith (2000: 230) commented that in more westernised societies, the privacy of progeny is a taboo issue: parents reject the idea of their kids harbouring secret devices and desires seeing these as a threat, a danger to family stability or even universal democracy. Some parents have been known to read cherished diaries hidden under mattresses, or follow up trails of unaccountable periodic disappearances into the realms of phantasia. Aoyama et al. (1999: 67) agreed and provided the example of Doug who resided with his family in a green and leafy suburb in a far-flung colonial outpost. Doug's journey through adolescence manifested itself in an obsessive desire, indeed almost disorder, for the closeting of his innermost secrets and stashes; a behavioural trait that was thwarted by his parents and three older brothers. His mother, infuriated by the frantic and constant digging up of her precious snapdragons in the front garden, acknowledged "By the judicious use of slingshots and catapults I eventually forced Doug into burying his bones in the laundry under the enormous piles of dirty washing" (Blearey 2007: 25).
Given this level of obsession . . .
Reference list layout
Reference List
Aoyama, A., Brown, B. & Chan, C. 1999. Thinking critically in a whole new world. Language Learning in Higher Education, 24(1): 67-87.
Cooper, M. 2006. The age of personal space. New York: Basic Books.
Fortune, A. 2015. High speed compression for music downloads. Journal of Internet Engineering, 10(2): 154-165.
Illustrated dictionary of medical and health sciences. 2001. Cambridge, England: Crosby-Williams.
Larsen, A., Brown, B., Chan, C., Williams, D., Tahatai, M. & Singh, R. 2016. The decline and fall of the modern generation. Sydney: New Media Press.
Mozart, A. & Brown, B. 1996. Glamorizing domesticity: Narratives of marriage and motherhood in Desperate Housewives. Journal of Media Studies, 25: 110-123.
O'Carroll, A. & Brown, B. 1992. A battle from the beginning: The life and times of a heavyweight champion. Sport and Fitness, 14(2): 25-37.
Otto, A. & Brown, B. 2005. Sustainability in practice: Overcoming energy challenges in the 21st century. Vancouver: Northwoods Press.
Rimu Kura, A. R. 2006. Teaching and learning in higher education. Auckland: University Books.
Russell, A. 2002. Twentieth century New Zealand composers. http://www.classicalmusic.co.nz/composers.htm
Smith, A. B. 2000. Teaming with wildlife: Promoting team development through volunteer service at Auckland Zoo. New Zealand Business Review, 17(4): 230-240.
The Wareshop. 2003. Business profile. http://www.wareshop.co.nz/business-profile.html
Van der Linden, A., Brown, B., Chan, C., Williams, D., Tahatai, M., Singh, R., et al. 2005. Uneven muscle mass growth patterns in extreme athletes. Asia-Pacific Journal of Injury Prevention, 8(4): 356-387.
Wilson, A. & Brown, B. 2006. Dining out: A history of restaurant eating in New Zealand. Journal of New Zealand Historical Research, 3: 110-123.
When using information or ideas in your essay, research paper, dissertation or thesis, you must acknowledge and identify the original source. This is known as referencing. Whether you paraphrase, summarise or quote someone else's ideas, you must add a reference.
Referencing enables you to: