Place of publication: For the place of publication - after the city, include the state code in brackets for USA/Canada or the country code for outside of the USA/Canada, e.g. St Louis (MI) or Auckland (NZ).
For more information on reference list format and style, see General information - basics of referencing.
The United States of America refers to doctorates as dissertations
1. Author. Title of thesis [type of thesis on the Internet]. Place of University: University name; Year of publication [cited date]. Available from: URL
2. Author. Title of thesis [type of thesis]. Place of University (State/Country Code): University name; Year of publication.
1. Lee JA. The effects of socially-patterned exposures on early childhood growth [dissertation on the Internet]. Boston (MA): Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; 2016 [cited 2019 Jun 6]. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201731
2. Bacon CJ. Vitamin D status: determinants, optimal levels, and supplementation [PhD]. Auckland (NZ): University of Auckland; 2009.
1. Author. Title of thesis [type of thesis on the Internet]. Place of University: University name; Year of publication [cited date]. Available from: URL
2. Author. Title of thesis [type of thesis]. Place of University (State/Country Code): University name; Year of publication.
1. Gedye FI. Development of pathways to a life of flourishing: an evaluation of a positive psychology intervention [master's thesis on the Internet]. Auckland (NZ): University of Auckland; 2013 [cited 2017 Nov 30]. Available from: https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/22048
2. Keim KE. Mild traumatic brain injury in female athletes: recovery, coping, and identity [dissertation]. Pleasant Hill (CA): John F. Kennedy University; 2013.
When using another person's ideas or words, include an Arabic numeral in brackets (consecutively numbered). If the reference is referred to again, the same number is used.
... has been recently identified (1). There is a need to be cautious with giving aspirin to children, as overdosing can lead to mortality (1).
If you are expressing ideas that have originated from more than one source, separate the numbers with commas or use a hyphen if referring to a range of numbers (references).
... in alkyl sulphates such as sodium lauryl sulphate (3,5-6) and diethyl sulphate (7). Other compounds showing promise were those in the C12 - C14 range (3-4).